5.14: Understand How Large Amounts of Insulin can be Manufactured from Genetically Modified Bacteria that are Grown in a Fermenter

INSULIN: Hormone produced by Pancreas that stimulates the storage of Glucose as Glycogen in Muscle and Liver cells to lower blood Glucose levels

HOW INSULIN IS MANUFACTURED:

MANUFACTURE OF INSULIN

Diagram showing the Manufacture of Insulin

EXPLANATION: The same restriction enzyme is used to cut out gene for making Insulin from Human DNA, and to cut open Plasmid vector to leave sticky ends on both As a result, these sticky ends of the Insulin gene and Plasmid overlap via complementary base pairing to be joined together by Ligase enzyme, ensuring gene is inserted in the correct orientation Recombinant DNA is formed and inserted into Bacterial cell Consequently, this Transgenic Bacteria is grown in a fermenter to pass on Recombinant DNA to other Bacteria when it reproduces via binary fission, synthesizing large quantities of Insulin

USES OF MANUFACTURED INSULIN: Use of genetically modified Bacteria to produce large quantities of Insulin helps Diabetic individuals who do not produce enough Insulin lower their blood Glucose levels Insulin can be introduced into system via intravenous drip, stimulating the conversion of Glucose into Glycogen (insoluble) to be stored in Muscle and Liver cells