5.19B: Describe the Stages in the Production of Cloned Mammals involving the Introduction of a Diploid Nucleus from a Mature Cell into an Enucleated Egg Cell, Illustrated by Dolly the Sheep

CLONE: Group of genetically identical organisms or cells derived from a single original parent cell

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• Organisms that reproduce asexually produce genetically identical clones
• Organisms that reproduce sexually also possess mechanisms to produce clones - identical twins

CLONING MAMMALS:

DOLLY THE SHEEP - 1996

Diagram showing process of cloning Dolly the Sheep

PROCESS: Diploid Nucleus is extracted from Udder cell fo Sheep A Additionally, Egg cell is removed from another Sheep B and is enucleated Diploid Nucleus from Sheep A is inserted and fused into Enucleated Egg cell from Sheep B As a result, the new cell formed is given an electric shock to stimulate cell division via Mitosis to form an early Embryo which is implanted into the Uterus of surrogate Regular growth of Embryo follows to form a Fetus

RESULT: Resulting Fetus is genetically identical (clone) to Sheep A - the Sheep from which the Diploid Nucleus was obtained from